Studies on the Response of Plants to Copper Nanoparticles

The use of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) shows promise in enhancing plant growth, but their effects depend on concentration, size, and surface chemistry. High copper levels can be toxic, causing oxidative stress and cell damage, though plants have developed mechanisms to tolerate metal stress. Proposed pathways activated by CuNPs include hormonal response, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and interaction with the cytoskeleton. Nanoparticle size and morphology affect interactions with plants and microbes, and their bioavailability depends on various factors. The aim of the work described in this thesis was to characterise the biological responses of plants to CuNPs at the phenotypic and molecular levels. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis in Arabidopsis reveals differential expression of stress response genes and cellular signalling pathways, providing new information on plant responses. Willow trees show potential for copper uptake, suggesting phytoremediation possibilities. Understanding CuNP environmental impacts is crucial for safe use, and investigating protein interactions, post-translational modifications, and different nanoparticle types can offer insights. This research can aid in developing sustainable remediation methods and safe industrial applications of CuNPs.